An EPD (Electronic Paper Display) is a display technology designed to mimic the appearance of traditional paper while allowing digital content updates. E-paper (e.g. E Ink) works using microcapsules containing pigment particles that move under an electric field. The image remains on screen without constant power – energy is used only when the content changes, enabling extremely low power consumption. EPD is also highly readable in direct sunlight.
Its limitations include slower refresh rates and a limited color palette (typically black and white, sometimes with an additional color like red or yellow), making it unsuitable for dynamic video. EPD is used in e-book readers, electronic price tags, information boards, transit schedules and other applications where energy efficiency, readability and no backlight are important.
